Difference between revisions of "Grève du textile de Lawrence"

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(Le contexte de la grève)
(Les conséquences)
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==Les conséquences==
 
==Les conséquences==
Ettor et Giovannitti restèrent en prison, même après la fin de la grève. Haywood threatened a general strike to demand their freedom, with the cry "Ouvrez les portes de la prison ou nous fermerons les portes de l'usine". L'IWW amassa 60 000$ pour leur défense et tenu des manifestations et des rassemblements de masse à travers le pays pour les supporter; les autorités de la ville de Boston, Massachusett arrètèrent tou(te)s les membres du Comité de défense Ettor-Giovannitti. 15 000 travailleuses/eurs de Lawrence allèrent en grève le [[30 septembre]] pour demander la libération de Ettor et Giovannitti. Les travailleurs/euses français(e)s et suédois(e)s proposèrent un [[boycott]] des produits de la laine provenant des états-unis et _a refusal to load ships going to the U.S.; les supporteurs/trices italien(ne)s de Giovannitti manifestèrent devant le consulat états-unien à Rome .
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Ettor et Giovannitti restèrent en prison, même après la fin de la grève. Haywood menaçait d'une grève générale pour exiger leur libération, avec le slogan "Ouvrez les portes de la prison ou nous fermerons les portes de l'usine". L'IWW amassa 60 000$ pour leur défense et tenu des manifestations et des rassemblements de masse à travers le pays pour les supporter; les autorités de la ville de Boston, Massachusett arrêtèrent tou(te)s les membres du Comité de défense Ettor-Giovannitti. 15 000 travailleuses/eurs de Lawrence allèrent en grève le [[30 septembre]] pour demander la libération de Ettor et Giovannitti. Les travailleurs/euses français(e)s et suédois(e)s proposèrent un [[boycott]] des produits de la laine provenant des états-unis et un refus de charger les bateaux à destination des Etats-Unis; les supporteurs/trices italien(ne)s de Giovannitti manifestèrent devant le consulat états-unien à Rome .
  
In the meantime, Ernest Pitman, a Lawrence building contractor who had done extensive work for the American Woolen Company, confessed to a district attorney that he had attended a meeting in the Boston offices of Lawrence textile companies where the plan to frame the union by planting dynamite had been made. Pitman committed suicide shortly thereafter when subpoenaed to testify. Wood, the owner of the American Woolen Company, was formally exonerated.
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Dans le même temps, Ernest Pitman, un entrepreneur dans le bâtiment de Lawrence, _who had done extensive work for the American Woolen Company,_ admis à un _district attorney_ qu'il avait assisté à une réunion à Boston dans les bureaux  de la compagnie de textile de Lawrence où le plan de contenir la manifestation en plantant des bâtons de dynamite avait été fait. Pitman se suicida peu après avoir été cité à témoigner. Le propriétaire de l'American Woolen Company fut formellement acquitté. (_that he had attended a meeting in the Boston offices of Lawrence textile companies where the plan to frame the union by planting dynamite had been made.Pitman committed suicide shortly thereafter when subpoenaed to testify. Wood, the owner of the American Woolen Company, was formally exonerated._)
  
 
When the trial of Ettor, Giovannitti, and a co-defendant accused of firing the shot that killed the picketer, began in September 1912 in Salem, Massachusetts before Judge [[Joseph F. Quinn]], the three defendants were kept in metal cages in the courtroom. Witnesses testified without contradiction that Ettor and Giovannitti were miles away while Caruso, the third defendant, was at home eating supper at the time of the killing.
 
When the trial of Ettor, Giovannitti, and a co-defendant accused of firing the shot that killed the picketer, began in September 1912 in Salem, Massachusetts before Judge [[Joseph F. Quinn]], the three defendants were kept in metal cages in the courtroom. Witnesses testified without contradiction that Ettor and Giovannitti were miles away while Caruso, the third defendant, was at home eating supper at the time of the killing.
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Les trois défendants furent acquittés le [[26 novembre]] 1912.
 
Les trois défendants furent acquittés le [[26 novembre]] 1912.
  
The strikers, however, lost nearly all of the gains they had won in the next few years. The IWW disdained written contracts, holding that such contracts encouraged workers to abandon the daily class struggle. In fact, however, the mill owners had more stamina for that fight and slowly chiseled away at the improvements in wages and working conditions, while firing union activists and installing labor spies to keep an eye on workers. A depression in the industry, followed by another speedup, led to further layoffs. The IWW had, by that time, turned its attention to supporting the silk industry workers in [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]], [[New Jersey]]. The [[Paterson Silk Strike of 1913|Paterson strike]] ended in defeat.
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Les attaquants, cependant, ont perdu presque tout les gains qu'ils avaient gagné dans les quelques années qui suivirent. (_The strikers, however, lost nearly all of the gains they had won in the next few years._) L'IWW négligea les contrats écrits, soutenant que de tels contrats encourageaient les travailleurs à abandonner la lutte des classes quotidienne. En fait, _however, the mill owners had more stamina for that fight and slowly chiseled away at the improvements in wages and working conditions, while firing union activists and installing labor spies to keep an eye on workers. A depression in the industry, followed by another speedup, led to further layoffs. The IWW had, by that time, turned its attention to supporting the silk industry workers in [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]], [[New Jersey]]. The [[Paterson Silk Strike of 1913|Paterson strike]] ended in defeat.
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==

Revision as of 08:42, 4 July 2007

  1. The I.W.W.: Its First Seventy Years, Fred W. Thompson & Patrick Murfin, 1976, page 56.