20 janvier

1862 -- France: Augustin Hamon (1862-1945) lives, Nantes. Sociologist, who became an anarchist along with Fernand Pelloutier, in 1893. Later became a socialist.

1869 -- During this month secret "Alliance" (International Brotherhood, or the Alliance of Revolutionary Socialists), founded in 1866 by the revolutionary anarchist Michael Bakunin, is dissolved.

1902 -- Nâzim Hikmet (1902-1963) lives. Poet who was one of the most important figures in 20th century Turkish literature & one of the first Turkish poets to use more or less free verse.

1920 -- Italian surrealist film master Federico Fellini lives, Rimini, Italy.

1920 -- US: At the height of the Red Scare today, 4000 foreign-born labor agitators & radicals are arrested for radical activities, over 500 of whom are later deported.

1921 -- Russia: Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman leave Petrograd for Moscow to prepare for second journey with the museum expedition; they stay with Angelica Balabanoff, head of the Russo-Italian bureau. Emma offers to nurse Peter Kropotkin when she learns he is very ill.

1923 -- Varban Kilifarski (1879-1923), Bulgarian anarchist & libertarian teacher, dies

1929 -- Manchuria: The Korean anarchist guerilla general Kim Jwa-Jin (sometimes called the Korean Makhno) is assassinated while doing repair work on a rice mill. The Korean Anarchist Federation in China was formed in April 1924. Over 2 million Koreans were living in Manchuria, & the Korean anarchists were active & influential among them.

1936 -- England: Emma Goldman gives three lectures in London, January 20-30. The first, at the Workers Circle House on "The Two Communisms (Bolshevist & Anarchist — A Parallel)," is disrupted by Communists. She also lectures on "Russian Literature" at the National Trade Union Club, & on "Mussolini, Hitler & Stalin (How Far Do Their Common Methods Lead To Similar Results?)" in Hammersmith.

1981 -- Mexico: 10,000 Mexican farmers in southeastern Chiapas block roads to major oil fields to protest pollution of their fields & crops fields by the state oil company. Lasts several days.