31 octobre
1858 -- ?France: George Mathias Paraf-Javal lives. Intransigent individualist. A founder of "Ligue Antimilitariste" &, with E. (Ernest) Armand, the anarchist colony at Vaux (1902-07, with 400 members [See also Armand's article, "A Visit to L'Anarchie", at the Stan Iverson Archives]). Wrote for "Libertaire," & the author of numerous booklets such as Les faux droits de l'homme et les vrais (1907), as well as math & physics (published in Spanish for Francisco Ferrer's Escuela Moderna).
1870 -- France: French gardes nationales revolt during the siege of Paris. Louise Michel, anarchist, takes part in a massive demonstration supporting the Paris Commune in front of the Town hall.
1894 -- France: In Paris, the "Procès des trente" (Trial of the Thirty), which began August 6, comes to a close. The "Proces des trente" is a farcical show trial. Charges of a conspiracy were leveled at this hodge-podge & indiscriminate grouping of militants, supporters, theorists, writers & publishers, artists, etc. Despite the failure to prove the charges, severe sentences were meted out, some getting 20 years in prison.
1905 -- Russia: Great revolutionary demonstration for amnesty in St Petersburg.
1922 -- Italy: Fascist Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) becomes premier (-1943); Head office of the anarchist paper "Umanita Nova" is again ransacked by Mussolini's fascists.
1926 -- Italy: Mussolini (a former anarchist-syndicalist) escapes an assassination attempt by the 15-year-old anarchist Anteo Zamboni (son of anarchist Mammolo Zamboni). Lynched by the black-shirted fascistes. His parents were then sentenced to 30-year terms of imprisonment.
1926 -- Emma Goldman, anarchist feministCanada: Emma Goldman gives her first lecture in Montreal before an audience of 700 at His Majesty's Theatre on "The Present Crisis in Russia."
1947 -- Source=Robert Braunwart Bertolt Brecht, having fled Nazi Germany years ago, now flees the US during the American witchhunts.
1955 -- François-Henri Jolivet (1875-1955) dies. French working poet, anarchist & pacifist songster.
1958 -- Writer Boris Pasternak (Dr. Zhivago) is expelled from the Soviet Union.
1978 -- Iran: 30,000 oil workers strike against repressive rule of the Shah, US pal for democracy, civil & human rights.
