Difference between revisions of "Grève du textile de Lawrence"

From Anarchopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
m (La grève)
m (The aftermath)
Line 34: Line 34:
 
L'attention nationale eut un effet: les propriétaires des usines offrirent une augmentation salariale de 5% le [[1er mars]], que les travailleuses/eurs rejetèrent. l'''American Woolen Company'' accepta toutes les demandes des grèvistes le [[12 mars]] 1912. Le restant des manufacturiers suivirent vers la fin du mois; les autres compagnies de textiles de Nouvelle-Angleterre, anxieuses de faire face à des confrontations similiaires, suivirent le mouvement. _The children who had been taken in by supporters in New York City came home on [[March 30]].
 
L'attention nationale eut un effet: les propriétaires des usines offrirent une augmentation salariale de 5% le [[1er mars]], que les travailleuses/eurs rejetèrent. l'''American Woolen Company'' accepta toutes les demandes des grèvistes le [[12 mars]] 1912. Le restant des manufacturiers suivirent vers la fin du mois; les autres compagnies de textiles de Nouvelle-Angleterre, anxieuses de faire face à des confrontations similiaires, suivirent le mouvement. _The children who had been taken in by supporters in New York City came home on [[March 30]].
  
==The aftermath==
+
==Les conséquences==
Ettor and Giovannitti remained in prison even after the strike ended. Haywood threatened a general strike to demand their freedom, with the cry "Open the jail gates or we will close the mill gates". The IWW raised $60,000 for their defense and held demonstrations and mass meetings throughout the country in their support; the authorities in [[Boston, Massachusetts]] arrested all of the members of the Ettor-Giovannitti Defense Committee. Fifteen thousand Lawrence workers went on strike for one day on [[September 30]] to demand that Ettor and Giovannitti be released. Swedish and French workers proposed a boycott of woolen goods from the United States and a refusal to load ships going to the U.S.; Italian supporters of Giovannitti rallied in front of the United States consulate in [[Rome]].
+
Ettor et Giovannitti restèrent en prison, même après la fin de la grève. Haywood threatened a general strike to demand their freedom, with the cry "Ouvrez les portes de la prison ou nous fermerons les portes de l'usine". L'IWW amassa 60 000$ pour leur défense et tenu des manifestations et des rassemblements de masse à travers le pays pour les supporter; les autorités de la ville de Boston, Massachusett arrètèrent tou(te)s les membres du Comité de défense Ettor-Giovannitti. 15 000 travailleuses/eurs de Lawrence allèrent en grève le [[30 septembre]] pour demander la libération de Ettor et Giovannitti. Les travailleurs/euses français(e)s et suédois(e)s proposèrent un [[boycott]] des produits de la laine provenant des états-unis et _a refusal to load ships going to the U.S.; les supporteurs/trices italien(ne)s de Giovannitti manifestèrent devant le consulat états-unien à Rome .
  
 
In the meantime, Ernest Pitman, a Lawrence building contractor who had done extensive work for the American Woolen Company, confessed to a district attorney that he had attended a meeting in the Boston offices of Lawrence textile companies where the plan to frame the union by planting dynamite had been made. Pitman committed suicide shortly thereafter when subpoenaed to testify. Wood, the owner of the American Woolen Company, was formally exonerated.
 
In the meantime, Ernest Pitman, a Lawrence building contractor who had done extensive work for the American Woolen Company, confessed to a district attorney that he had attended a meeting in the Boston offices of Lawrence textile companies where the plan to frame the union by planting dynamite had been made. Pitman committed suicide shortly thereafter when subpoenaed to testify. Wood, the owner of the American Woolen Company, was formally exonerated.
Line 45: Line 45:
 
:Does the District Attorney believe . . . that the gallows or guillotine ever settled an idea? If an idea can live, it lives because history adjudges it right. I ask only for justice. . . . The scaffold has never yet and never will destroy an idea or a movement. . . . An idea consisting of a social crime in one age becomes the very religion of humanity in the next. . . . Whatever my social views are, they are what they are. They cannot be tried in this courtroom.
 
:Does the District Attorney believe . . . that the gallows or guillotine ever settled an idea? If an idea can live, it lives because history adjudges it right. I ask only for justice. . . . The scaffold has never yet and never will destroy an idea or a movement. . . . An idea consisting of a social crime in one age becomes the very religion of humanity in the next. . . . Whatever my social views are, they are what they are. They cannot be tried in this courtroom.
  
All three defendants were acquitted on [[November 26]], 1912.
+
Les trois défendants furent acquittés le [[26 novembre]] 1912.
  
 
The strikers, however, lost nearly all of the gains they had won in the next few years. The IWW disdained written contracts, holding that such contracts encouraged workers to abandon the daily class struggle. In fact, however, the mill owners had more stamina for that fight and slowly chiseled away at the improvements in wages and working conditions, while firing union activists and installing labor spies to keep an eye on workers. A depression in the industry, followed by another speedup, led to further layoffs. The IWW had, by that time, turned its attention to supporting the silk industry workers in [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]], [[New Jersey]]. The [[Paterson Silk Strike of 1913|Paterson strike]] ended in defeat.
 
The strikers, however, lost nearly all of the gains they had won in the next few years. The IWW disdained written contracts, holding that such contracts encouraged workers to abandon the daily class struggle. In fact, however, the mill owners had more stamina for that fight and slowly chiseled away at the improvements in wages and working conditions, while firing union activists and installing labor spies to keep an eye on workers. A depression in the industry, followed by another speedup, led to further layoffs. The IWW had, by that time, turned its attention to supporting the silk industry workers in [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]], [[New Jersey]]. The [[Paterson Silk Strike of 1913|Paterson strike]] ended in defeat.

Revision as of 23:05, 21 June 2007

  1. The I.W.W.: Its First Seventy Years, Fred W. Thompson & Patrick Murfin, 1976, page 56.