Living Theatre
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LeLiving Theatre est une troupe de théatre américaine fondée en 1947 et basé à New York. Il s'agit de la plus vieille troupe de théatre expérimental existant encore aux États-Unis. Pour la majeure partie de son histoire, elle fut dirigée par ses fondateurs, l'actrice Judith Malina et la peintre/poète Julian Beck; après la mort de Julian en 1985, Hanon Reznikov, membre du Living Theatre, devint co-directrice avec Judith.
Dans les années 50, le groupe était parmi les premiers aux États-Unis, à produire les oeuvres de créateur de pièces européens influents comme Bertolt Brecht et Jean Cocteau, aussi bien que celles de poètes modernistes comme T.S. Eliot et Gertrude Stein. Based in a variety of small New York locations which were frequently closed due to financial problems or conflicts with city authorities, they helped to originate Off-Broadway as a significant force in U.S. theatre. Their work during this period shared some aspects of style and content with Beat generation writers. Also during the 1950s, the American composer Alan Hovhaness worked closely with the Living Theatre, composing music for its productions. In 1959, their play The Connection attracted national attention for its harsh portrayal of drug addiction and its equally harsh language.
The Brig (1963), an anti-authoritarian look at conditions in a Marine prison, was their last major production in New York before a disagreement with the IRS led to the closure of the theatre space and the brief imprisonment of Beck and Malina. For the rest of the 1960s the group toured chiefly in Europe, and turned to even more politically and formally radical work carrying an anarchist and pacifist message, with the company members creating plays collectively and often living together. Major works from this period included the adaptations Antigone and Frankenstein, and Paradise Now, which became their best-known play. Paradise Now, a semi-improvisational piece involving audience participation, was notorious for a scene in which actors recited a list of social taboos that included nudity, while themselves disrobing; this led to multiple arrests for indecent exposure.
Having returned to the U.S. in 1968 to tour Paradise Now, the group broke apart the next year. Malina and Beck toured with the remaining members in Brazil, where they were imprisoned in 1971, then returned to New York to form a new version of the group. Former member Joseph Chaikin left to form The Open Theater.
The Living Theatre has toured extensively throughout the world, often in non-traditional venues such as streets and prisons. It has greatly influenced other American experimental theatre companies, notably The Open Theater (founded by Living Theatre member Joseph Chaikin) and Bread and Puppet Theater. Its productions have won three Obie Awards: The Connection (1959), The Brig (1963), and Frankenstein (1968). Though its prominence and resources have diminished considerably in recent decades, The Living Theatre continues to produce new plays in New York City.
References
- Malina, Judith (1972). The Enormous Despair. New York: Random House.
- Malina, Judith (1984). The Diaries of Judith Malina, 1947-1957. New York: Grove Press, Inc.
- Neff, Renfreu (1970). The Living Theatre: U.S.A.
- Rostagno, Aldo, with Judith Malina and Julian Beck (1970). We, the Living Theatre. New York: Ballantine Books.
- The Living Theatre (1971). Paradise Now. New York: Random House.
Liens externes
- REDIRECT Modèle:Wikipedia(traduit de l'anglais vers le français)
